soil exploration
    2Apr, 2020
    Method of Soil Exploration

    The technical investigation by which the necessary information regarding various soil properties is obtain to enable the engineer in charge to design a safe and economical foundation is refer as sub surface investigation and Then, the various method of soil exploration are :

    The method of soil exploration:

    • Inspection
    • Probing
    • Boring
    • Trail pit method

    (i) Inspection : It is the first step and should be taken before carrying out the design and construction of the structure. In this, the study is make of all nearby quarries or cuts, resisting structure, all strata expose in the old pits, unlined wells etc. to determine the nature of the soil at various depths. The useful information which can be gather from inspection is to obtain data regarding sulphates, contents in soil, chances of land movements, changes in water table, type of soil whether soft or hard or marshy or water log.

    (ii) Probing : In this, a rod about 25 mm in diameter is driven in the ground. It has a point end when it is taken out, the soil which sticks on its sides gives us the idea about the strata available.

    (iii) Boring : In this, a hole is bore in the ground for taking soil samples. The exploration of soil below water table is usually very difficult to perform by means of test pits, Therefore, test pits are replaced by boring methods.

    Method of boring

    (a) Auger boring : It is the device which helps in advancing a bore hole into the ground. This is sample and an efficient method of soil investigation, Auger are use for clayey to silty soils.

    Auger boring gives fairly representative disturb samples and a correct idea of different soil layers. The relative stiffness of the soil is indicate from the effort apply to rotate the auger. Auger is operate either by hand or by power. Hand operate augers are suitable for soft soils and up to a depth of 6 meters whereas power operate augers are suitable up to a depth of 9 meters. The most common augers in use are:

    • Post hole augers ( for general use )
    • Gravel augers ( for gravelly soils )
    • Screw augers ( for stiff clay )
    • Power or mechanically operate auger ( for greater depths and when boring is require in a comparatively short time )
    Post auger
    Post Hole Auger

    (b) Wash boring : Wash boring is a quick and inexpensive method of deep boring. It is the best boring where sufficient water is available for the proper working of the water jet plant and also for underground formations consisting of sand, gravel and clayey formations and suitable for obtaining samples of soil as heavier soil particles remain under suspension. Small thickness of important soil layers also remain undetected. The change of stratification can be judge from the rate of progress and color of wash water.

    (c) Rotary boring : This process of boring is also know as Mechanical boring. It is use for very deep boring specially when the soil consists of boulders or rock. This is the most fastest method of boring and the bore holes range from 10 to 75 cm.

    (d) Percussion boring : In this, a drilling rod is raise up and down alternately in the bore hole. It is use in most of the soils and rocks. It is consider to be the most useful method in penetrating through coarse gravel deposits. They cannot be use for soil consisting of loose sand or fine sand.

    Trail Pit Method

    (iv) Trail pit method : The method in which a rectangular pit is excavate at the construction site in order to obtain soil samples at different levels is refer as trail pit method or open test pit method.

    It is one of the simplest and most common method for investigating the sub-soil in its natural and undisturbed state. This method is limit to small depths up to 3 m only.

    This method is very expensive and slow for depths exceeding 3 m and for cuts below water table due to proper bracing of sheet pilling or the use of caissons. If the depth exceeds 6 m, then, boring are prefer.

    tral pit method
    Trail Pit

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    Planning before construction
    2Apr, 2020
    Tips before constructing house

    The development of any country depends on the development of civilization. With the development of civilization and increase in population, it became necessary to provide protection and shelter which develop the art of building houses. The constructional technique is regard as an indication of develop the art of building houses. The construction technique is regard as an indication of economic and social progress of a country. The technique has engaged human mind from prehistoric ages to get shelter from weathering agencies like dust-storms, rains, sun rays etc.

    Before construction important knowledge of construction technology

    `To provide knowledge as to how

    • The life of the building can be increased.
    • The loads are transfer into the soil safely.
    • The construction of various elements of the building should be carry out.
    • The planning of various parts of the building should be done.
    • Construction machinery helpful in the construction.
    • The repairing work in respect of the building should be done.

    Requirements in every building

    Building should be plan in such a way that-

    • There is sufficient light and ventilation.
    • Sufficient space is available for all comforts.
    • Situated at a higher level than the surrounding area so that rain water or waste water may be dispose off as early as possible.
    • Rooms are place according to their requirements and their require direction with the North.
    • Modern and economical fittings in respect of water supply, sanitary and electric supply.
    • Small family functions can be arrange in the building itself.
    • Each room of the building either in horizontal direction or in vertical direction is easily approachable.
    • Sufficient privacy is maintain from inside as well as outside.
    • Fresh air in addition to sufficient light is available in every room.

    Important steps everyone know that:-

    KNOW WHAT YOU ARE REALLY WANT. How you will deal with these issues when they come up is a good thing. HIRE THE RIGHT PEOPLE. Take your time making the decision about how and who to hire, do your work properly. HIRING A DESIGNER. My advice is if you’re going spend the money to built or remodel, do it right and hire a designer. DECIDE THE POSITIONING THE CABINET AND FURNITURE AT RIGHT PLACE. Whether you buy existing plans or create your own, it’s important to think about how the furniture layout will work.

    PLAN, PLAN AND MORE PLAN. Try to have as many details in place as possible before you start building. COMMUNICATE EVERYTHING AND DON’T ASSUME ANYTHING. Explain it and show a picture and go over it again and then make sure you are at the new house often to catch mistakes early on so they can be fixed without too much time or money wasted.  Good communication is key when building or remodeling.

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