Traverse Survey, Latitude and Departure, Closing Error
Traverse is the framework of lines.
Types of Traverse
1.Closed Traverse: Closed Traverse originates from a station and returns to the same station completing a closed loop.
2.Open Traverse: Open Traverse does not return to its starting station and does not closes to make a loop.
Latitude and Departure
Latitude is the projection of line which lies in north-south direction; departure is the projection of line which lies in the east-west direction .
North latitudes are positive, South are negative.
Similarly, East departures are positive and West are negative.
Closing Error
The ratio of distance by which a survey fails to close to the perimeter of the tract surveyed is termed as Closing Error.
Also, the sum of the angles of a traverse as measured minus the true sum required by geometry is termed as Closing Error.
Methods of correction of closing error
1.Bowditch Method
2.Transit Method
3.Graphical Method
4.Axis Method
Bowditch Method – Line and angle measured with same precision.
Transit Method – Angle precision is more than Line precision.
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